Oxygen ion (O5+) has two electrons in 1S orbital, and one electron in 2S orbital. To confirm the third electron of oxygen enters the orbit of two (not one) de Broglie's wavelength, we try computing the energy of the three-electron oxigen ion (O5+). So it can be said that also in the oxigen ion (O6+), the orbital planes of the two electrons are almost perpendicular to each other. The ionization energy of O6+ is very big, so the error is only 0.33%. So when the total energy of O6+ is -1616.0 eV, the number of de Broglie's waves contained in one orbits becomes just 1.00000.Īs I said above, the experimental value of the O6+ energy is -1610.70 eV. Results of r1 and WN in which last VY is zero in O6+. (When the last VY is zero, the electrons move on the stable orbits.) Table 2. Table 2 shows the results of r1 and WN (number of de Broglie's waves contained in one quarter of the orbit) in which last VY ( y component of electron 1's velocity after moving one quarter of its orbit ) is zero at various energy levels of O6+. Sample JAVA program to compute the orbits of the two-electron atoms. (In this program, we use the new units, 1 MM = 10 -14 meter, 1 SS = 10 -22 second, 1 MM/SS = 10 8 m/s. Here we use the next sample JAVA program. See the Top page (He) or Li+ page about the detailed computing methods. We suppose the two electrons of O6+ are orbiting like Fig. So the experimental value of the total (ground state) energy is -1610.70 eV ) The sum of the ionization energies of oxygen ion ( O6+ ) is 739.290 + 871.410 = 1610.70 eV This means that also in oxygen atom, only two "1S" electrons are much closer to the nucleus than other electrons. Ionization energies of the oxygen atom (eV).Īs shown in this Table 1, the ionization energies of 1S electrons ( red values) are much bigger than other ionization energies. Here we show the ionization energies of oxygen. Two-electron Atomic Model ( He, Li+, Be2+, B3+, C4+. Then, we can apply this new atomic structure to other two-electron atoms (ions) ?įig. Visualization of six valence electrons in Oxygen atom (O).Surprisingly, this new atomic structure of the Bohr's helium can be applied to other two-electron atoms (ions ), Lithium ion (Li+), Beryllium (Be2+), Boron (B3+) and Carbon (C4+) ions, too.įurthermore, the ionization (ground state) energy of the three-electron atom lithium (Li) can be calculated correctly using the approximate "2S" Bohr orbit. This model can explain the phenomena of Pauli exclusion principle correctly, because there is no space for the third electron to enter this new two-electron Bohr's 1s state. In this new successful Bohr model, the two electrons of the helium atom (He) are moving on the orbits of just one de Broglie's wavelength which are perpendicular to each other. Our new Bohr model has succeeded in calculating the Helium ionization energy more correctly than the quantum mechanical variational methods as shown in the Top page. Top page (correct Bohr model including the two-electron atoms). Bohr's Oxygen atomic structure New Bohr model Oxygen (O)
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